Unlike conventional and electric cars, hydrogen powered vehicles have not yet emerged in the race to reduce the planet’s climate crisis. However, this technology is developing and aims to be the third way between rivals.
Hydrogen is the lightest chemical element in the universe, without neutrons, composed of a proton and a single electron. Along with oxygen, hydrogen is responsible for composing the water molecule (H₂O). However, its pure form has a high energy potential..
The potential of pure hydrogen is so strong that it catches fire when it reacts with oxygen, generating a lot of heat and a waste of water – which cannot always be used –, unlike burning fossil fuels, which generates carbon dioxide.
The combustion of the H₂ has already been used in the launch of rockets by NASA, as is the case with the rocket Saturn V.
hydrogen engine
Compared to electric ones, hydrogen vehicles are refueled in about 3 to 5 minutes, unlike a Tesla, for example, which exceeds 1 hour of recharging, imagining that the battery was empty.
Another incongruous point of comparison is the battery. While a hydrogen engine is capable of storing 39,405.6 Wh/kg of energy per kilogram, a lithium-ion battery stores between 100 to 265 Watts-hour per kilogram (Wh/kg), according to the study by University of Washington.
When it comes to the weight of the engine, the electric has better performance, with about 35 kg, generating the equivalent of 300 horsepower depending on the model. Combustion and hydrogen engines, on the other hand, usually exceed 100 kg.
Combustion and hydrogen cell
There are two types of hydrogen engines: hydrogen cells or internal combustion.
In the first case, the engine’s internal combustion occurs in a similar way to that of conventional cars, in the second case, the chemical reaction generates electricity, which sustains the functioning of an electric motor.
In this sense, hydrogen engines can become an option to increase the performance of electric ones with less fuel and greater power.
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