Children’s science questions also consider the movement of electricity, the roar of the subway, and the genitals of dinosaurs. And do the lifestyles of the expectant mother affect the fetus?
Loviisa Pakkala, 10
Animal calling girls and boys boys or boys is an old habit.
Those words are used in the same way in Finnish related languages, such as Karelia, Veps and Estonia.
In the case of non-human animals, it has not been considered as important to name girls separately. However, with animal expressions referring to children, no attempt has been made to emphasize the male gender.
A girl is much younger than a boy thousands of years old. The girl is derived from the word daughter, which is derived from the Baltic language preceding Latvia and Lithuania. Before that, girls were said to be girls.
In addition to humans, children of many other animals are not said to be young.
The dog has a puppy, the deer and reindeer the calf, the cow the calf, the pig the piglet, the sheep the lamb and the horse the foal. These are gender-neutral names for animal children.
Ulla-Maija Forsberg
Professor of Finno-Ugric Languages
university of Helsinki
Alcohol is not suitable for expectant children.
Can harmful fetal changes already occur in the fetus if the mother lives truly unhealthy?
Kinnari school 9D class, Järvenpää
If mother lives really unhealthy, the fetus may develop various developmental disorders.
They can enter the circulatory system, for example.
However, unhealthy diet alone, lack of exercise, or poor nighttime sleep do not cause disorders.
The use of drugs or the misuse of medications, on the other hand, can be dangerous.
Alcohol is currently the most harmful disorder during pregnancy.
The most sensitive organ system is the central nervous system.
The fetus may also develop an abnormal structure of the atria or ventricles of the heart due to alcohol, the left ventricle may become enlarged, and openings or flap deformities may occur between the atria and ventricles. The risk of cardiovascular disease in adults is also increasing.
These affect the circulatory system, but may not directly affect the blood vessels.
Maternal use of intoxicants or harmful drugs can also cause learning difficulties that even appear as a child.
The fetus is susceptible to disorders, especially at the very beginning of pregnancy, when the mother may not even know about her pregnancy.
The organ or organs to which the disorder affects depends in particular on which stages of the body’s development are most prevalent when the disruptors are affected.
There is no safe period for substance use or drug abuse, as their effects extend throughout the development of the fetus.
Even short exposures can cause developmental problems.
Kirsi Sainio
Docent of Developmental Biology
university of Helsinki
Electricity travels at almost the speed of light.
How fast does electricity move along electrical wires?
Sofia Vehkaoja, 7
Electrical wires that is, there is a metal, such as copper, inside the electrical wires along which electricity can travel.
Propagation is possible because there are a lot of very small electrical particles in metals that are called electrons. Electricity flows in the wire when the electrons are moved.
However, the electrons themselves are not able to propagate very fast in wires. Indeed, the movement of electricity utilizes the electrical energy radiation generated by the movement of electrons, which is invisible.
That radiation is generated when the numerous electrons in the power line are made to travel back and forth at the same rate. Thus, an electrically carrying wave motion develops around them.
The wave motion travels so fast that electricity travels along wires wherever it is needed.
Electricity travels through wires at almost the speed of light, or 300,000 kilometers per second. In one second, it could orbit the Earth seven times or travel almost to the Moon.
Leena Ukkonen
professor of electronics
University of Tampere
The roar of the metro is due to the vibration of some parts of the train.
Where does the repeated high-pitched sound of the subway come from when it even leaves the pier?
Sointu Tammela, 3
Metro are powered by electric motors.
There are several of those engines in one subway train. Helsinki’s M100 metros have four engines in each car.
Subway electric motors today are usually so-called short-circuit motors. Their speed depends on the frequency of the electricity supplied to them.
The frequency of the electrical network coming from the stops is always the same, so that the motors would rotate at only one speed at a time.
It must be possible to change the frequency of the electricity going to the electric motors. It is done with electronic devices called frequency converters. They are needed as many as electric motors.
The squeaky sound is due to the fact that the converters are not able to produce as good quality electricity as the electricity grid provides.
Sound is eventually generated in both the drive itself and the electric motor, when the electricity produced by the drive causes their components to vibrate and ring like the strings of musical instruments.
Ulina is heard when the subway is accelerated or braked. In the M100 metro, the roar is particularly clear.
In newer subways, the sound is not as loud as their technology is able to produce better quality electricity.
Jussi Aaltonen
Research Manager in Automation and Mechanical Engineering
University of Tampere
Dinosaurs have poorly preserved soft tissues.
Did the dinosaurs have a pipette?
Amos Pelkonen, 8
None dinosaur pippel has probably not been found as a fossil, or petrified remnant.
That doesn’t mean there couldn’t have been any pipettes. The pippi, or penis, is a soft tissue that rarely remains intact until it is fossilized.
In 2021, a description of the structure of the psittacosaurus clo, or colon orifice, was published using a fossil find.
Still, no definite information was obtained as to whether or not there was a penis inside the cloaca.
Benchmarks can also be found in the closest living relatives of dinosaurs.
These include crocodiles and birds, the latter of which are descended directly from petodinosaurs.
Crocodile males and many bird dogs have a protruding and swollen organ on the inside of the colon at the start of mating.
Examples of such birds are ostriches, several waterfowl, and turkeys.
The males of the petodinosaurs thus very likely had a pimple. When a male has mated with a female, the penis is always shrunk and retracted into the cloaca.
Timo Vuorisalo
Associate Professor of Ecology and Environmental Protection
University of Turku
Send the question, the full name and age of the questioner to [email protected]. The column will be edited by Touko Kauppinen and Juha Merimaa.
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