An eleven-day operation condemned the half-century-old Assad regime and put an apparent end to Syria’s 13-year civil war. The rebel groups took advantage of the situation, divided between Russian efforts in the war with Ukraine and an Axis of Resistance deeply weakened as a result of the multiple Israeli offensives against the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) in Gaza and the Lebanese Shiite militia party. Hezbollah, to take over the Syrian city of Aleppo and continue to Damascus.
The rebel advances led to the dictator’s escape Bashar Al Assad and his wife Asma and pushed them to find refuge in Moscow. Meanwhile, Mohamed Al Golanicommander of Hayat Tahrir Al Sham (HTS), proclaimed the rebel victory.
«People are exhausted by the war. The country is not prepared for another one and is not going to get into another one,” the commander declared from Damascus to the ‘SkyNews’ news channel.
The Syrian conflict is made up of various spheres of action, both internally as a civil war, and externally with the solid influence of various foreign actors.
Syrian Government
On the one hand, Bashar Al Assad’s regime was supported mainly by military support from Russia and the Axis of Resistance. The latter is a conglomerate of Middle Eastern countries and anti-American and anti-Israeli paramilitary groups that maintained a close relationship with the dictatorship, which allowed it to exert strong pressure on the Syrian population, which has seen millions of Syrians leave. moving along several waves.
The Axis of Resistance is made up of the State of Iran, the Lebanese Shiite militia party Hezbollah, with a strong presence in Lebanon; the Shiite militias of Iraq, the Houthis of Yemen, the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. All of these groups were deeply worn out in the war with Israel.
Syrian rebels
The Syrian rebels of Hayat Tahrir Al Sham (HTS) – Organization for the Liberation of the Levant, in Spanish -, an Islamist militia linked to Al Qaida, considered a terrorist organization by the UN; They were carried out without much opposition at a surprising pace with the cities of Aleppo, Idlib, Hama, Homs and Palmyra, until proclaiming the fall of the Al Assad regime from Damascus itself.
Pro-Turkish rebels
The geographical location of Turkey, a country adjacent to Syria and a land gateway to Europe, has made Ankara play an important role in this lightning operation, with a special interest in being able to return thousands of Syrians settled in the country after the massive waves of migration resulting of the Syrian civil war.
The National Liberation Front (FLN), a mixed group of rebels that acts under the protection of Erdogan’s Türkiye against the Kurdish forces. Among them, there are groups that seek to establish an Islamic State in Syria governed by Sharia, the Islamic law that governs all public and private aspects, whose ultimate goal is salvation.
Kurds
Specifically aligned with the Syrian rebels, are the Kurds, whose ultimate objective is the creation of an independent State, Kurdistan. This group, located in cross-border spaces between Türkiye and Syria, has the support of the United States for its democratic vision of the State. Despite the complex relationship with Ankara, they have supported like-minded rebels to facilitate the fall of Al Assad’s dictatorship.
Islamic State
Although the Islamic State – also known by the names ISIS or DAESH – proclaimed its caliphate in 2014 and managed to take over parts of Syria and Iraq, its presence in the country has been decreasing in favor of somewhat more moderate groups. However, it continues to exist and periodically commits blitz attacks.
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