Back pain is one of the most common ailments today. Low back pain, which affects the area between the ribs and the beginning of the thigh, is the most common. Studies indicate that between 80% and 90% of people will experience low back pain at least once in their lives. However, this is not the only type of pain related to the spine.
Dr. José Poblete, neurosurgeon at Hospital Clínic Barcelona, defines back pain as “any ailment that one may experience at the level of the spinal column.” These include back pain, located between the base of the neck and the floating ribs, and cervical pain, less common but equally annoying, which affects the cervical region.
If you have pain that incapacitates you for five to seven days, it is time to consult with a specialist.
Back pain can appear suddenly and last less than six weeks (acute pain) or last more than three months (chronic pain). The pain can be the result of a fall or lifting a heavy object, although it often appears without an apparent cause. Among the most common causes are tension in the muscles or ligaments from repeatedly lifting heavy objects or making sudden movements, as well as osteoarthritis, bone irregularities and osteoporosis. In most cases, the discomfort gradually improves within a few weeks.
Dr. Poblete warns: “If you have pain that incapacitates you for five to seven days, it is time to consult with a specialist.” Although it is not very common, back pain can be a symptom of a serious condition. It is recommended to see a doctor urgently if it occurs along with fever, urinary or intestinal problems, does not improve with rest, spreads to one or both legs, causes weakness, numbness or tingling, or is associated with unexplained weight loss.
Another common cause of back pain is bulges or herniated discs, caused by wear and tear related to aging. These hernias can be located in the cervical or lumbar area. Cervical disc herniation can appear after trauma, a neck injury, or as a result of poor posture and a sedentary lifestyle. For its part, lumbar hernia is associated with both age and factors such as carrying weight incorrectly, performing repetitive activities that overload the spine, being overweight or a sedentary lifestyle.
The most common treatment for hernias includes hot or cold therapy, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, rest and control of movements. Surgery is usually the last option, as Dr. Poblete points out: “Not all hernias are operated on. “Surgery is always the last resort in this type of pathology.” Although anyone, including children and adolescents, can suffer from back pain, it is possible to prevent it by strengthening the back muscles.
Not all hernias are operated on. Surgery is always the last resort in this type of pathology
“Spinal tensions will decrease if we have good muscle tone,” says Dr. Poblete. To achieve this, it is not necessary to go to the gym or perform overly complex exercises. Low-impact aerobic activities, such as walking or swimming, can make a big difference in improving muscle strength, endurance, and function. In addition, strengthening the abdomen and back muscles helps them act as a natural belt, and working on muscle flexibility helps maintain good posture.
Maintaining good postural hygiene, that is, maintaining appropriate postures that protect the spine, is key to reducing pressure on the back muscles. Specialists recommend an upright posture, both standing and sitting, avoiding slouching and keeping the pelvis in a neutral position. Changing your position at least every half hour and, if it is necessary to lift heavy objects, doing so with the strength of your legs – keeping your back straight and your knees bent – can make a difference in the health of your spine.
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