What does the name “Ramses” mean?
It is Rê who gave birth to him.
What is behind the meaning of names in ancient Egypt – Ramses II had quite a number when he came to power?
The Egyptian king bears five names that make up the so-called “protocol” of the royal title. At the accession to the throne, the “birth name” is preceded by four further title-name combinations, which formulate the ideological program of his rule, i.e. form a kind of government declaration.
How reliable is the calculation basis for his life data? How old was Ramses II?
Numerous written sources – hieroglyphic inscriptions and italic texts on papyrus – in combination with astronomical data allow an exact determination of the lifetime to the years 1303 to 1213 (June 27) BC and the reign to 66 years, from 1279 to 1213 BC .
RAMSES AND HIS TIME
What religion did Ramses follow?
After the “revolution” of Akhenaten, Egypt returned to traditional religion. This is now supplemented by “personal piety”, a direct relationship of the individual to a deity chosen by himself, which is to be understood as a reaction to the state religion prescribed from above.
How did Ramses II set himself apart from Akhenaten?
Above all in foreign policy through consistent action against the Hittites who have become a threat.
What is hidden behind the Maat concept evoked in many inscriptions?
Ramses’ throne name “Strong is the Maat des Rê” formulates the principle of the divine world order, as it characterizes all areas of life in the term and image of the goddess Maat. The king is the guarantor of mates on earth.
What geographical and spatial understanding did the people of Ramses’ time have?
Egypt is the center of the cosmos. Its geographical boundaries extend in the south to the 4th cataract in northern Sudan and in the northeast to Syria. Ideologically, the Cretan-Minoan world, Mesopotamia and Libya also belong to the Egyptian Empire.
What was the significance of the dream in Egypt in the time of Ramses?
It was considered a seldom documented utterance by gods to the king.
What were the common means of transportation at that time? Which preferred Ramses?
The Nile was the only artery, ships and boats the most important means of transport and locomotion. Two-wheeled chariots with horse-drawn carts are used as chariots and representational vehicles for the king and the upper class. Sledges are used for heavy transports, donkeys for small transports.
Which works of art best capture Ramses’ time?
The battle reliefs on the temple walls and the colossal statues of the king, the statues of non-royal persons, grave reliefs in the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens as well as the tomb paintings in Thebes.
How likely is it that Ramses was the pharaoh of the Jewish Exodus in the Old Testament?
This cannot be proven, there are no Egyptian sources.
What were the greatest puzzles in Ramses’ time?
The earthly and the supernatural were firmly “under control”.
What shaped the architecture of the time?
Monumentality and brisk construction activity. The rock temple was the popular design in Nubia.
POLITIC AND ECONOMY
How was the state structured under Ramses?
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