It is a fact supported by the compelling figures shown by the National Registry of Missing and Unaccounted for Women and Girls (RNPNO) in this situation in the state, that this is a very serious problem of public security and a constant threat against the peace, security, the guarantee of human rights and the life of Sinaloan girls, adolescents and women, besides that it is also a figure on the rise.
The RNPNO indicates that 2021 ended with 49 girls and adolescents in a situation of disappearance or non-location and 78 women. The municipalities in which this situation occurred most frequently were Culiacán (91), Mazatlán (27) and Navolato (1).
In Sinaloa, it is known that males aged 14 and older are the most frequent victims of disappearance or non-location. However, it is alarming that when it comes to girls between the ages of 2 and 14, they disappear or are not located much more frequently than boys, both in the municipality of Culiacán (6 boys, 17 girls) and in the from Mazatlan 0 boys, 4 girls). It is also true that many girls and women have been found alive.
This Protocol was prepared by experts from Ciudad Juárez to search for their disappeared. Due to this and as a ruling in the case of González et al. vs. Mexico known as “Cotton Field” in 2009, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in its resolutions number 18 and 19, respectively, orders the Mexican State to carry out the “standardization of all its protocols…used to investigate all crimes related to disappearances, sexual violence and homicides of women in accordance…with international standards for the search for disappeared persons based on a gender perspective” and commits it to “The state must (…) adapt the alba protocol or implement a new analogous device”.
Sinaloa took 10 years to implement the Alba Protocol in its territory and until March 19, 2019, identity cards had not yet been issued in the state to search for women of legal age who were presumed missing or missing.
We know that violence against women manifests itself in different ways and there are many crimes that intersect with forced disappearance or disappearance generated by individuals. The crimes associated with the disappearance of girls and women are: family violence, sexual abuse, rape, exploitation of victims of trafficking or corruption of minors, femicide, political violence, deprivation of liberty, kidnapping and those related to organized crime. (drugs, weapons, human trafficking, and others) All these crimes directly threaten life, access to a life free of violence and the enjoyment of all human rights.
Also, there are many prejudices that prevent both families and authorities from diligently searching for those who disappear or are not located. However, families and friends should try to report immediately to a public ministry agency, as soon as there is suspicion or reasonable doubt that there is a dangerous situation or the commission of a crime that puts a woman of any age in danger. non-localized condition.
It is through the complaint that the implementation of the Alba protocol is immediately activated and an identity and search card is issued, once the process is completed in the public ministry. This record is the essential tool for an adequate search and the recovery ALIVE of people not located within 72 hours, which is the duration of the activation of the protocol.
The Alba Protocol is undoubtedly the route to maintain hope and guarantee that, with its correct coordination and implementation, the lives of those who are in danger will be safeguarded.
In order for the protocol to be successful, however, it is necessary for the State Attorney General’s Office, which is the entity in charge of its coordination and application. Accomplish some essential tasks that are still pending such as:
Implement a strategy that allows you to create a useful algorithm to analyze the information found in the investigation folders and establish matches and patterns to appropriately locate lines of investigation that show us what is happening in this regard of these crimes in Sinaloa and, in turn, facilitate the prevention, attention, investigation and resolution of this type of case.
It is also necessary to set up a Research Unit that can carry out a scientific analysis of the gender context, in order to obtain the necessary tools so that the asymmetries of power in which the lives of women may be immersed are clearly visible. who went through an experience of violence and thus can receive adequate attention in each of the stages of the justice procurement process.
Finally, intensive training is necessary for all the institutions in charge of implementing each of the actions determined in the different stages of the Alba protocol so that they know precisely what obligations they have to fulfill and the rights they must guarantee.
Read more: Parallel investigations
All of the above, with the pertinent investments of budget and political will, would only result in the due search and finding alive of all, the prevention of this phenomenon, the access of girls, adolescents and women to a life free of violence, a great progress for the full guarantee of their human rights and access to justice. We could also have answers to the question: Who disappears girls, adolescents and women in Sinaloa?
By: Dr. Priscila Rebeca Salas Espinoza.
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