Andalusia is a true treasure for lovers of history and architecture, with castles that have witnessed battles, conquests and legends that still linger in the collective memory. National Geographic has selected 13 of the most impressive castles in the region, highlighting both their historical value and their impressive architectural beauty. These fortresses, built over centuries, allow us to relive key moments in the history of Spain, from the Muslim era to the Christian Reconquista. Some are magnificently restored, while others maintain an enigmatic air with their ruins full of mystery. 1 Alcazaba of Almería Junta de Andalucía Alcazaba of Almería The Alcazaba of Almería is one of the largest citadels built by the Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. Located on a hill overlooking the city and the port, this imposing monument offers spectacular views of the Mediterranean. Built in 955 under the rule of Abd al-Rahman III, it was later expanded by Almanzor, becoming one of the most prominent symbols of Muslim domination in the region. The Alcazaba has three walled enclosures, of which the first two are of Muslim origin and the third was built by the Catholic Monarchs after the Reconquista.2 Alcazaba de Antequera Tourism Anterquera Alcazaba de Antequera (Málaga) In the heart of Antequera, a city Surrounded by history and impressive natural landscapes such as Torcal, stands the Alcazaba. This fortress dates back to the 12th century, although it was built on Roman and Arab foundations. Its most iconic tower, the Torre del Homenaje, houses the largest bell in the city. From the walls of the Alcazaba you can see the views of the olive groves and the Andalusian countryside, making it a key tourist spot for those seeking to combine nature and history.3 Alcazaba of Granada Patronage of the Alhambra Alcazaba of Granada The Alcazaba of Granada is the military heart of the Alhambra, a red fortress that watches over the city from above. Originally built in the 9th century, it was restored in the 13th century by the Nasrid sultans, who used it as a defensive bastion against the Christian advance. With its imposing towers, such as the Torre de la Vela, the fortress dominates the landscape of the Vega de Granada. In addition, the Adarves gardens and the views towards the Alhambra and Sierra Nevada make it one of the most visited destinations in Andalusia.4 Alcazaba of Málaga Alcazaba and castle of Gibralfaro Alcazaba of Málaga Another of the most notable Muslim vestiges in Andalusia is the Alcazaba of Malaga, located on the Gibralfaro hill. This fortress was built in the 11th century during the time of the Caliphate of Córdoba, and it contains Roman architectural elements, since materials from previous constructions were reused. Its strategic position over the bay of Malaga offered a formidable defense against possible invaders, and today it continues to be a place that offers unique panoramic views over the city and the sea.5 Alcázar de la Puerta de Sevilla in Carmona Camino Pasión Alcázar de la Puerta of Seville (Carmona, Seville) In the white and ancient city of Carmona, the Alcázar de la Puerta de Sevilla stands out, an imposing fortress that dates back to Roman times. Renovated and expanded by the Muslims and later by the Christians, this castle keeps centuries of history inside. The fortification sits on a hill that overlooks the Corbones River, allowing a wide horizon to be seen from the top of its towers. Today, the fortress houses a tourist inn that invites you to immerse yourself in the medieval atmosphere that once permeated its walls6 Almodóvar del Río Castle Junta de Andalucía Almodóvar del Río (Córdoba) Perched on the La Floresta hill, Almodóvar Castle del Río reigns over the landscape of the Guadalquivir plain. Originally built in the 8th century during the Caliphate of Córdoba, this castle underwent several restorations and expansions over the centuries. In the 20th century, it was restored by the Count of Torralva, returning it to its original splendor. Its imposing structure has been the scene of numerous film productions, including scenes from the popular series ‘Game of Thrones’.7 Burgalimar Castle Burgalimar (Jaén) The Burgalimar fortress, located in Baños de la Encina (Jaén), is one of the best preserved Muslim castles on the Peninsula. Built in the 10th century by the Umayyads, its robust walls are flanked by fourteen defensive towers, among which the Torre del Homenaje stands out, added by the Christians in the 13th century. This castle is a jewel of Andalusian heritage and has remained almost intact over the centuries, becoming a clear example of caliphal architecture.8 Fortified town of Castellar de la Frontera Guide to Cádiz Castellar de la Frontera (Cádiz) The town The fortified town of Castellar de la Frontera is one of the most picturesque in the province of Cádiz. Built in the 13th century on a hill overlooking the Los Alcornocales Natural Park, this castle was key in the wars between Christians and Muslims for control of the Strait of Gibraltar. Over the centuries, the castle has witnessed battles and changes in power, and today is home to a charming hotel that allows visitors to experience life in a medieval castle.9 Castillo de Alcaudete Junta de Andalucía Castillo de Alcaudete (Jaén) In the municipality of Alcaudete stands a castle that was once a key defensive bastion on the border between the Christian and Muslim kingdoms. Built on Roman remains, it was conquered by Alfonso VI in the 11th century and handed over to the Order of Calatrava. The fortress is made up of three fortified enclosures and an imposing Torre del Homenaje that continues to dominate the landscape. Today, the castle houses an interpretation center where visitors can immerse themselves in medieval life.10 La Calahorra Castle in Guadix Tripadvisor La Calahorra Castle (Guadix, Granada) La Calahorra Castle, located in the Guadix region , stands out for its surprising contrast between its robust exterior and its elegant Renaissance interior. This fortress was built in the early 16th century by the Marquis of Zenete, who brought in Italian architects to design the interior, one of the first examples of Renaissance architecture in Spain. With its four circular towers and its strategic position on the northern slopes of the Sierra Nevada, the castle offers spectacular views and has been the scene of several film productions.11 Castillo de La Iruela in the province of Jaén Castles and Fortresses of Jaén Castillo de La Iruela (Jaén) La Iruela Castle is one of the most impressive fortresses in Jaén, not only because of its history but because of its location on an impressive rock. This Templar fortress, built in the 13th century, dominates the Guadalquivir valley and offers spectacular views of the Sierra de Cazorla. Although it is currently in ruins, the magical atmosphere that surrounds it makes it one of the most photographed castles in the region.12 Castle of Vélez Blanco ALMERÍA DIPUTATION Castle of Vélez Blanco (Almería) Vélez Blanco Castle is one of the most elegant castles in Andalusia. Built in 1531, this fortress was transformed into a Renaissance palace by the Marquis of the Vélez. Although much of its decoration was looted and sold, the castle continues to impress with its beauty and its privileged location above the Sierra de María-Los Vélez Natural Park. One of the jewels of its interior, the Patio de Honor, is today in the Metropolitan Museum of New York.13 Niebla Castle Huelva Provincial Council Niebla Castle (Huelva) In the province of Huelva is the Niebla Castle, a fortress surrounded by an imposing Almoravid wall that has stood the test of time. This castle, also known as the Castillo de los Guzmanes, was renovated in the 15th century and played a crucial role in the defense of the region. To this day, its walls, gates and battlements remain an impressive example of medieval defensive architecture in Andalusia.
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