Primary biliary cirrhosis, currently known as primary biliary cholangitis, is a chronic disease that consists of the slow destruction of the bile ducts of the liver, which causes bile (a substance generated in the liver and that participates in the process of elimination). cholesterol and toxins) accumulate in the liver and cause cirrhosis. It is an autoimmune disease, in which the body’s immune system attacks cells by mistake.
Causes of primary biliary cirrhosis
autoimmune disease
The cause of primary biliary cirrhosis has not been determined with absolute certainty. It seems to be proven that it is an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks its own cells. Liver inflammation is caused by the buildup of bile and white blood cells in the liver. Normally, they help defend against intruding elements in the body, but in this case they destroy the healthy cells that line the bile ducts.
The cells die and are replaced by scar tissue causing cirrhosis (scarring of liver tissue). This disease affects women more than men. If liver damage increases, there may be complications such as cirrhosis, hypertension, varicose veins, gallstones and even liver cancer.
Symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis
In many cases there are no clear symptoms
In most cases, primary biliary cirrhosis is not diagnosed by its symptoms and the disease is discovered when tests are being done for other reasons. As the years go by and the disease progresses, some symptoms appear, such as a feeling of tiredness or dry mouth. When the disease is already advanced, the symptoms are:
– Swelling of the spleen.
– Bone pain.
– Discomfort in the abdomen.
– Inflammation of the feet.
– Jaundice.
– High cholesterol.
Diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis
Various analyzes
The doctor will carry out a physical evaluation and consult the patient’s clinical history before performing various tests, although the blood test already offers conclusive data, since it allows us to know the level of cholesterol and antibodies and check if there is liver damage.
If in doubt, performing diagnostic imaging tests, such as an ultrasound and MRI, can help. If the doctor’s doubts continue, the last resort is to perform a liver biopsy.
Treatment and medication of primary biliary cirrhosis
There is no absolute cure
Primary biliary cirrhosis has no cure, but treatment with appropriate medications can slow the progression of the disease and improve quality of life. In extreme cases, a liver transplant can be used.
Prevention of primary biliary cirrhosis
Prevent some effects
There is the possibility of preventing complications derived from this disease. For example, exercising daily and taking calcium and vitamin D supplements help prevent osteoporosis. Also, in some cases the doctor recommends vitamin A, D, E and K supplements.
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