Dark chocolate reduces addiction to cigarettes, says study

One of the main difficulties faced by smokers looking to quit is overcoming the abstinence period, which generally lasts two to three weeks. Craving is manifested by feelings of discomfort, anguish and an intense desire to smoke again. Several strategies are used to help smokers get through this period without giving up..

A study by UFF (Fluminense Federal University) states that dark chocolate can be an alternative to help those who want to give up the addiction. Here's the full research (135 kB).

The results indicate that the daily consumption of a 40-gram portion of dark chocolate (with 70% cocoa) contributed to the reduction of addiction in smokers who were undergoing treatment. And importantly: without affecting the patients’ body measurements.

The fear of gaining weight is precisely one of the reasons why people are reluctant to stop smoking. According to nutritionist Aline Silva de Aguiar, a specialist in chemical dependency and responsible for the study, this occurs because smokers develop food selectivity due to the action of nicotine, which accelerates metabolism and interferes with the taste buds of the tongue, reducing the sensation of flavor of foods for smokers.

“He tends to skip meals, not eat breakfast, he tends to always eat monotonously because he doesn't feel the pleasure of the flavor. Associated with this, the BMI (Body Mass Index) of those who smoke tends to be lower. Generally, it is a thinner person. So, when you stop smoking, the person starts to compensate for this lack of smoking by eating more palatable foods, generally sweet, fatty and ultra-processed. Without nicotine, the metabolism stops being accelerated and returns to normal. Therefore, the person may gain a little weight”, explains Aguiar, who is also a professor at the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at the Faculty of Nutrition at UFF. She highlights that “weight gain when quitting smoking is negligible compared to the benefits of quitting smoking”.

How the research was carried out

The research was carried out by nutritionists from the Translational Nutrition Research Group at UFF, coordinated by Aguiar. For 1 month, they carried out a clinical intervention study with 47 smokers with chronic comorbidities – such as diabetes and hypertension, who were cared for at the Comprehensive Assistance Unit for Smokers, of the Interdisciplinary Center for Studies and Research in Nephrology, in the city of Juiz de Out (MG).

“We work with patients with comorbidities, who are generally excluded from other clinical studies”, he explains. The approach to smoking treatment is based on the protocol proposed by Inca (National Cancer Institute).

The nutritionist highlighted that most services aimed at smoking cessation do not have nutritionists on staff. Therefore, she decided to participate in an outpatient clinic within the SUS (Unified Health System) to be able to evaluate the impact of food (in this case, chocolate) as part of the intervention to stop smoking.

Smokers who participated in the intervention study were divided into 2 groups: one of them received 40 grams of dark chocolate to consume throughout the week, in addition to receiving nutritional guidance for smoking cessation given by nutritionists. The other group received only nutritional guidance.

“There was no way to create a placebo group because we were offering chocolate. We made a group that received a mix of dried fruits and oilseeds, but the results will be reported in another article”, says the researcher.

Every week, volunteers answered a questionnaire about cravings when they returned for treatment at the unit. At the end of this period, when analyzing the responses, the researchers concluded that the group that consumed chocolate reported fewer episodes of craving and less desire to smoke compared to the group that received only behavioral intervention. Furthermore, when compared to the dried fruit mix, chocolate also showed superior results.

According to the nutritionist, cocoa has a large amount of compounds that impact cognitive processes and mood changes, in addition to offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Cocoa consumption contributes to reducing stress, helping to minimize symptoms associated with anxiety and mood changes. The choice of dark chocolate (70%) was precisely due to its higher concentration of cocoa, which translates into more beneficial effects.

Abstinence

Withdrawal syndrome represents a significant challenge for smokers, as it can compromise the process and result in relapses. Many abandon treatment due to difficulty dealing with this problem.

“Most smokers need more than one attempt to quit smoking precisely because of this. Many people need two, 3, 4, even 5 attempts. We have to make it clear to the patient that this is normal and continue encouraging them so that, as soon as they feel confident again, they can try again.”, explained pulmonologist Luiza Helena Degani Costa, from Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, and professor at Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein.

There are several strategies for preventing and treating cravings, which range from medicinal approaches, such as the use of nicotine replacement therapy and medications to reduce anxiety, to lifestyle changes, which include practicing physical exercise to reduce cravings. anxiety and binge eating.

You should also avoid situations that trigger the desire to smoke, such as the consumption of alcohol and coffee, and look for alternatives, such as eating carrot sticks, fennel or pieces of apple when the urge to smoke arises. Typically, patients are advised to avoid replacing cigarettes with sweets or candies, as this often contributes to weight gain.

With the results of this study, the nutritionist's idea is that smokers have more options available when they crave. “Did you feel like smoking? Take a small piece of 70% cocoa chocolate, put it in your mouth, under your tongue, and slowly taste the flavor. This helps with the feeling of well-being“, suggests.

In the opinion of Einstein's pulmonologist, the study addresses an important topic, which is the prevention and treatment of cravings in patients in the process of smoking cessation, although it does not yet present definitive evidence. “Other work needs to be done, with a larger sample size, making clear the rate of adherence to the proposed therapy and evaluating the outcome of success or not in smoking cessation and eventual relapse.“, he said.

“What generates significant weight gain is the exchange of the compulsion to smoke for the compulsion to eat, sweets and sweets. What we need to do is treat, prevent triggers and guide the patient in early recognition of the craving. The more strategies we have, the better it will be for the patient. If dark chocolate can help you go through this process in a lighter and less stressful way, it will be very good. The process will never be simple, it will never be easy, but we can try to make it less difficult”, concluded the pulmonologist.

With information from Einstein Agency.