The aniridia is an eye diseasebilateral and rare. Aniridia in Greek means absence of iris and this disease involves the complete or almost complete absence of the iris, which is the part of the eye that controls the flow of light entering the inside of the eye. It is the equivalent of the diaphragm in cameras.
Causes of aniridia
Various origins
Aniridia can be caused by various reasons: trauma, problematic surgery or genetic inheritance due to a mutation in the PAX6 gene. This gene is on the short arm of chromosome 11 and encodes a protein, the PAX6 protein, which controls the initial phases of eye and brain development. An affected person inherits the mutation from one of the parents, although it can also occur in people without a family history of the disease.
Symptoms of aniridia
Vision difficulty
There are some symptoms that show the existence of the disease. The main one is the sensation of glare accompanied by photophobia. All of this leads to poor vision.
On the other hand, congenital aniridia can cause other eye disorders such as causing reflex movements, cataracts or glaucoma, among others.
Diagnosis of aniridia
Eye exam
The doctor will perform a complete eye examination to certify the existence of this disease and be able to design the most appropriate treatment.
Aniridia treatment and medication
Surgery or glasses
One of the treatment options is to use microsurgery to reconstruct the iris and pupil. But this is only appropriate when the involvement is partial. When the involvement is total, the implantation of an artificial iris is used. Another possibility is the use of lenses.
Prevention of aniridia
Genetic diagnosis
It is advisable to perform a genetic diagnosis on children born with this disorder in order to know the level of involvement. Constant monitoring by doctors (pediatricians and ophthalmologists) must then be carried out to design early treatment.
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