The ovarian cysts are bags full of liquid located in an ovary. Its appearance is very frequent in many women, but they usually do not carry health problems and disappear for themselves. If they break they can carry severe complications.
Causes of the ovary cyst
Linked to menstruation
Most ovarian cysts are generated related to the menstrual cycle (functional cysts). There are several types of ovarian cysts:
Functional cysts: follicular and luteum body.
– The follicular cyst appear when the follicle, which must release an egg, does not break and grow becoming a cyst full of transparent liquid. They usually disappear spontaneously in two or three menstrual cycles.
– Lute body cyst can be generated when the follicle opening is closed after the release of the ovule, which favors the accumulation of fluid inside. It usually disappears but sometimes more than 4 centimeters grows in diameter with risk of bleeding or becoming the cause of an ovary torsion. If it is filled with blood, the cyst can break and cause bleeding. The generation of the cyst causes abdominal pain and if the pain is broken it is very intense.
Other less frequent cysts are:
– Serous cystadenoma. Of thin walls, aqueous and smooth. It can be large and cause ovarian torsion.
– Mucinous cystadenoma. Very large round or ovoid dough, with smooth, translucent surface, bluish gray color and contains thick liquid.
– Endometrioma. It contains a thick chocolate liquid.
– Dermoid cysts or teratoma. Of embryonic origin. It is formed by sebaceous material mixed with hair, cartilage, bone and teeth.
– Solid tumors: they are less frequent such as ovarian fibroma that is a benign tumor of extremely slow growth.
Ovary cyst symptoms
Normally there are no symptoms
Most ovarian cysts do not present any symptoms and disappear alone. If it is large, it can cause symptoms such as:
– Menstrual irregularity.
– Abdominal and/or constant pelvic pain, which can radiate behind the back or legs and that can cause breathing difficulty.
– Premenstrual pain and during menstruation.
– Pain during intercourse.
– Nausea and/or vomiting.
– They stop abdominal.
– Pressure in the rectum or bladder with a sense of difficulty by completely emptying the urine bladder.
It is very important to consult immediately or go to the emergency room in case of:
– Pelvic or abdominal pain sudden, sudden and intense.
– Pelvic pain accompanied by fever and/or vomiting.
Diagnosis of the ovary cyst
Pelvic exam
The doctor can detect the presence of a cyst in the ovary thanks to a pelvic exam. Depending on its shape and size you can ask for other tests. The most usual are pelvic ultrasound, laparoscopy and blood analysis. It is also common to perform a pregnancy test to make sure the patient is not pregnant; Analysis and blood test to detect anomalies in hormonal levels or CA-125 exam in the blood to detect possible ovarian cancer.
Treatment and medication of the ovary cyst
Medication and surgery
Depending on the type of cyst, oral contraceptives are used or directly to surgery to eliminate cysts. In cases of small cysts a laparoscopy will be raised and in the big laparathomy.
Ovary cyst prevention
Pelvic exam
There is no effective way to prevent cysts, but it is advisable to go to gynecological reviews on a regular basis and perform pelvic exams frequently to detect them as soon as possible.
This article was originally published at La Vanguardia on September 6, 2019
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