It all started with a maelstrom of stabbings: 23 cuts in the Theater of Pompey, where the Senate was temporarily meeting. On March 15, 44 BC – the so-called Ides of March – the dictator Julius Caesar was assassinated. It was the end of an era… or not. Because, as historian Giusto Traina confirms to ABC, his march began almost three decades of internal confrontations, but also a colossal conflict at the international level. Hence the name of his last essay: ‘The World War of the Romans’ (Criticism). And, in his words, the storm that was generated in those 14 springs also dragged surrounding regions such as Mauritania and Armenia. And that, to give just two examples. The zenith was experienced with the confrontation between Mark Antony and his ally Cleopatra against Octavian, the future first emperor of the Eternal City, and boy was it shady. – Did the assassination of Caesar provoke important military movements among foreign peoples? The Ides of March caused great confusion: Cleopatra, who was almost certainly in Rome with the son she had conceived with Caesar, had to flee to Egypt to await events. It is true that many tried to take advantage of the change in the situation, especially on the borders. The Parthians then attempted to attack Roman Syria on several occasions, and we have news of unrest in Gaul, where the situation was not yet completely pacified. There was also a lot of tension in the Balkans. However, many populations preferred to take advantage of the discord between the Roman factions to recover more autonomy and, at the same time, put themselves at the service of one faction or another. The result was an unstable balance, in many cases difficult to reconstruct. Why do you think that the fourteen years after the Ides of March were a world war? Although it may seem anachronistic, the definition of a world war is important to understand that the The period of the so-called ‘Roman Revolution’, that is, the transition from the Republic to the Principality, cannot be seen as a series of civil wars interspersed with offensive or defensive expeditions against foreign peoples. An examination of the sources allows us to understand the complexity of the diplomatic and military relations between the Roman Republic and the non-Roman communities, and the interaction of the latter with the Roman factions engaged in civil wars.Related News standard No The revenge of the Roman legions against the army of Spartacus that Jesus Christ also suffered Manuel P. Villatoro After crushing his army of slaves during the Third Servile War, Licinius Crassus ordered the crucifying of 6,000 prisoners from Rome to Capua–Let’s talk about Bogud and his struggles in the civil wars. Was Mauretania a key point in the Roman conflict? Ancient sources give some information about Bogud. A former ally of Julius Caesar, Bogud was the king of Eastern Mauretania. His alliance with Rome ended up helping him increase his power in Africa. During the so-called war of Perugia, Lucio Antonio commissioned him to intervene in Hispania. However, his loyalty to Antony put him on bad terms with Octavian, who had the alliance of the king of Western Mauretania Boco II, Bogud’s brother. It was on this occasion that the king sacked Cádiz and the temple of Melqart-Hercules, where the priests could no longer immolate animals for their sacrifices due to the long siege and the shortage of livestock. –He claims that he was a decisive figure in Octavian’s rise to power and the fall of Mark Antony…The lack of information does not allow us to understand what Bogud’s position was until Aemilius Lepidus took control of Africa. Most likely, he continued to maintain contacts with Mark Antony and, at the time of Lepidus’s fall from grace in 36 BC. C., had to join him in the East. We find Bogud at his side at the time of the Actium War, where he died in Methone, a town in the Peloponnese. Therefore, it is more than likely that Bogud’s departure from Mauretania contributed to altering the geopolitical balance in favor of Octavian. –What do you think was the role of Cilicia in the civil war between Octavian and Antony? perhaps testimonial? The Romans were always concerned with controlling the coastal cities of Cilicia and keeping the inland populations, traditionally dedicated to piracy, at bay. Cilicia was an area of strategic importance due to its proximity to Syria, Cyprus and Egypt: it is no coincidence that the first meeting between Antony and Cleopatra, in 41 BC. C., took place in the city of Tarsus. An interesting figure is that of the dynast-pirate Tarcondímoto, already an ally of Pompey the Great, who had then formed an alliance with Caesar and later with Antony. Tarcondímoto supported Antony until the end of the civil war with Octavian, where he met his death in a naval battle against Agrippa’s fleet.Related News standard No Los Tercios The lie you still believe: were they or were they not made up only of Spaniards? Manuel P. Villatoro standard Yes “They were not gym boys” Researchers destroy the lies about gladiators Manuel P. Villatoro–There is little information about Artavasdes. Why do you think Armenia’s role was important in the conflict? Armenia was a key player in the balance of power in the East. However, the defeat of the Romans at Carras in 53 BC. C. allowed the Parthians to regain control of the country: Artavasdes then became a vassal of the Iranian Empire. Only in 37 BC. C., with the operations in the Caucasus, preliminary to Antony’s campaign against the Parthians, Artavasdes was forced to ally himself with Rome. Antony blamed him for the failure of his military campaign in 36 BC. C., and two years later he decided to attack Armenia, taking the king prisoner and neutralizing the Parthians with the support of the Median king Atropatene. But this balance in the East was broken with the last civil war between Antony and Octavian, and the Romans had to abandon Armenia, while Artavasdes, prisoner in Alexandria, was executed in 30 BC. C. by order of Cleopatra. In the following decades, the problem of Armenia continued to be one of the essential points in the balance between the two great empires of the Parthians and the Romans. –Are there not other moments in the history of Rome that can be considered world wars? I know at least two examples: the Second Punic War, although it did not extend to the entire Mediterranean, was certainly a world war, and the series of wars that Justinian fought against the Persians, Vandals and Goths to restore imperial power in the Mediterranean.
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