Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease whose incidence has tripled in the last 30 years, affecting 30% of children and 10% of adults. This chronic pathology is associated with other conditions such as asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and food allergies, explains dermatologist Sara Gómez, from the Hospital Clínic Barcelona. The main symptom of atopic dermatitis is intense itching, which is usually accompanied by sleep problems and a general reduction in quality of life. Atopic dermatitis is manifested by eczema, red spots on the skin that cause itching. Injuries can arise at any time and at all ages.
“In the first months and years of life, the most affected areas are usually the face and scalp. As children grow, the lesions concentrate in the folds of the skin. In adults, the most common areas are the neck, face and hands,” adds Dr. Gómez. Although the exact cause of atopic dermatitis is not known, it is known that both genetic and environmental factors play an important role in its development.
In recent years, drugs with very good responses have been investigated that do not have the side effects of immunosuppressants.
Specialists diagnose this disease through a detailed clinical evaluation to distinguish it from other similar pathologies. “In some cases, we need to do biopsies, patch tests and other tests performed by allergists, as well as blood tests, to confirm the disease,” adds the expert. Atopic dermatitis can affect quality of life due to the intense itching and discomfort it causes. Complications include skin infections and eye problems. It is essential to avoid scratching to reduce the risk of infections and scars, and to follow appropriate treatments to mitigate symptoms.
Dr. Gómez points out that, in recent years, “new drugs have been investigated that do not have the side effects of immunosuppressants.” The specialist points out that these medications “provide a very good response, so patients can have a normal quality of life, practically the same as the rest of the population.” For the most serious cases, systemic immunosuppressants and biological treatments are prescribed.
The former contribute to significantly controlling symptoms, highlights Dr. Gómez. Atopic dermatitis requires comprehensive care that combines medical treatments and lifestyle changes, as well as participation in educational programs. To combat the disease, experts recommend practical measures. Keeping the skin hydrated with emollient creams is essential to restore the skin barrier and calm inflammation. In addition, it is advisable to avoid spicy, acidic foods and alcoholic beverages.
As for clothing, it is preferable to wear cotton clothing and avoid synthetic or wool fabrics, in addition to cutting labels to minimize irritation. It is advisable to shower with warm or cold water and limit the duration of the bath to control dry skin. And although exercise is beneficial, it is crucial to moderate its intensity and sun exposure so as not to aggravate symptoms. It is essential to identify and avoid allergens such as certain foods, pollen, dust mites and chemicals to prevent allergic reactions.
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