A new study with Dark Energy Survey (des) data It suggests possible inconsistencies in the standard model of cosmology, known as Lambda-CDM.
To be confirmed, These findings could alter our understanding of the universesince they point out that dark energy could evolve in time and would not be a constant as the model establishes. The DES study was carried out with the Dark Energy Chamber (Decam) of 570 megapixels, installed in the Víctor M. Blanco Telescope of 4 meters of the NSF (National Science Foundation) in the Cerro Tololo Observatory of Chile.
For some time, the Lambda-CDM model) has been the basis of modern cosmology, which successfully describes the large-scale structures of the universe. In this model, it is proposed that 95%of the cosmos consist of dark matter (25%) and dark energy (70%), both mysterious substances whose nature remains unknown. Only 5% of the universe is formed by ordinary matter.
It is believed that The dark energy, represented by the cosmological constant, promotes the accelerated expansion of the universemaintaining a constant energy density over time.
However, the new results of des, point to a deviation from this assumption, suggesting that dark energy could evolve over time. These analyzes are presented at the Global Physics Summit organized in California the American Physical Society.
When taking data for 758 nights, the scientists of Dispeared an area of almost an eighth part of the entire sky. To study dark matter, the project uses multiple observation techniques, including supernovas measurements, analysis of galaxies and weak gravitational lenses.
Two key measurements of the Studio Des -acoustic bariones (BAO) studies, and length measurements of stars, (AI type supernovae) – trace the history of the expansion of the universe. Bao refers to a standard cosmic scale measure Formed by the sound waves in the early universe, with peaks that cover approximately 500 million light years. Astronomers can measure these peaks throughout several periods of cosmic history to see how dark energy has stretched the scale over time.
Santiago Ávila, from the Center for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT) of Spain, and responsible for the analysis of Bao in Des, says in a statement: “When analyzing 16 million galaxies, DES discovered that the scale Bao measure is actually 4% smaller than planned by the Lambda-CDM model.”
IA type supernovae serve as “standard candles”, which means they have a known intrinsic shine. Therefore, Its apparent brightness, combined with information about its host galaxies, allows scientists to make precise distance calculations. In 2024, DES published the most extensive and detailed Supernovas data set to date, providing very precise measurements of cosmic distances. These new findings of the combined data of Supernovas and BAO independently confirm the anomalies observed in the data of the 2024 supernovas.
The cosmological constant
When integrating the DES study measurements with the cosmic microwave background data, The researchers deduced the properties of dark energy, and the results suggest that it has a nature that evolves over time. If confirmed, this would imply that dark energy, the constant cosmological, is not entirely constant, but a dynamic phenomenon that requires a new theoretical framework.
“This result It is intriguing because it points to a physics beyond the standard model of cosmology, “says Juan Mena-Fernández, of the Grenoble Subatomics and Cosmology Laboratory (France) (France). “If more data support these findings, we could be on the verge of a scientific revolution.”
Although the current results are not yet definitive, the next analysis that incorporates additional studies, such as the grouping of weak galaxies and gravitational lenses, could reinforce these tests.
The final analysis of the DES study, planned by the end of this year, will incorporate new cosmological studies to contrast the results and specify the limitations of dark energy.
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