Spain has given the world Picasso, Goya and Velázquez; to Cervantes and Lorca; to Isabel ‘La Católica’ and Felipe II; to Ortega and Unamuno; to Saint Teresa of Ávila and Saint Ignatius of Loyola; to Ramón y Cajal and Severo Ochoa; to Induráin and Rafa Nadal; from Hispania, to Hadrian and Seneca; and from Al-Andalus, to Averroes, Maimonides and Abenarabi. The following interactive map shows the most relevant characters in history born within the borders of what is now Spain, based on the analysis of the biographies published on Wikipedia. Browse the map and use zoom to find natural celebrities in each location. Use the search engine to travel directly to a specific municipality. Desktop Code Image for mobile, amp and app Mobile code AMP code 800 APP code The Roman emperors Hadrian, Trajan and Theodosius ‘The Great’ were born in the city of Itálica, today the municipality of Santiponce, province of Seville. The scientist Margarita Salas was born in the same council as the Nobel Prize winner in Medicine Severo Ochoa, in Valdés, Asturias. The founder of Zara, the businessman Amancio Ortega, saw the light in a village in the Leonese municipality of Villamanín, the town of origin of the teacher Ángela Ruiz Robles, inventor of the mechanical encyclopedia, considered the precursor of electronic books. The city of Córdoba It has illuminated notable figures in all eras: the Roman philosopher Seneca; the Visigoth king Roderico; the Sephardic Jewish philosopher Maimonides; the Muslim philosopher and doctor Averroes; the pre-Renaissance poet Juan de Mena; the baroque poet Luis de Góngora; the symbolist painter Julio Romero de Torres; the bullfighter Manolete; the dancer Joaquín Cortés and the basketball player Felipe Reyes, among other celebrities. [Dibujo Siglo de Oro]Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Quevedo, Góngora and Santa Teresa de Jesús J. DE VELASCO AND J. TORRES Góngora coincided at the same time and place, in the Madrid of the Golden Age, with Miguel de Cervantes from Alcalá and Lope de Vega from Madrid. and Francisco Quevedo. Federico García Lorca, the most famous personality in the province of Granada, was a friend of the most important person in Gerona, Salvador Dalí, and the most famous person in Teruel, the filmmaker Luis Buñuel. Picasso, the most illustrious man from Malaga, was a friend of Joan Miró, the most notable man from Barcelona. Diego de Velázquez, the most famous Sevillian, painted Philip IV, the second most relevant Valladolid native in history, only surpassed by his grandfather, Philip II. Felipe II died in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, where Fernando VII was born centuries later, who was portrayed by Francisco de Goya, the most relevant personality in the province of Zaragoza. The assessment of the characters on the maps of municipalities and provinces has been extracted from the ranking created by researchers from the Paris Institute of Political Studies, the prestigious French university known as Sciences Po, whose conclusions were published in the magazine ‘Nature’ in 2022. The researchers emptied the information from Wikipedia biographies and created a classification based primarily on five criteria: the number of appearances in different editions, that is, the number of translations; the length of the articles; the completeness of the biographies; the number of visits received; and the number of references and links to the characters. The ‘top’ ten in Spain is made up of Picasso, Dalí, Cervantes, Goya, Franco, Gaudí, Felipe II, Velázquez, Hernán Cortés and Lorca. The map, for reasons of space, includes nearly 18,000 names, the best scored, of the 51,000 born in what is now Spain that the study includes. Madrid and Barcelona contain fifty each. Seville and Valencia, 40; Zaragoza, Málaga and Córdoba, 30. The rest of the municipalities contain twenty or less, in case there are not so many biographies about natives of the town. In fact, there are no biographies in almost half of the municipalities, mainly small ones. PAINTING Picasso, Miró, Dalí and Goya ABCIn all the provinces of the current Castilla y León, according to this ranking, figures of royalty and nobility stand out. In addition to Felipe II in Valladolid, there is Isabel ‘La Católica’ in Ávila; El Cid in Burgos; Magpie I of León; Blanca de Castilla in Palencia; in Zamora, Ferdinand III of Castile, reconqueror of the kingdoms of Jaén, Córdoba and Seville; in Soria, Alfonso VIII of Castile, winner of the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa; in Salamanca, Alfonso XI of Castile, who took the Christian limits to the Strait of Gibraltar. Don Juan de Borbón was born in the Royal Site of San Ildefonso, in Segovia. In Extremadura, land of conquerors, Hernán Cortés in Badajoz and Francisco Pizarro in Cáceres stand out. Also linked to the conquest of America is the most relevant person from Cuenca, Alonso Ojeda, and the Tenerife Jesuit missionary San José de Anchieta. The founder of the Society of Jesus, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, is the most relevant born in Guipúzcoa. NEW WORLD Entry of Hernán Cortés in Tenochtitlán, by Augusto Ferrer Dalmau. Philip II and Isabel ‘La Católica’ In the Basque Country and Navarra, intellectuals from the late 19th and early 20th centuries stand out: Miguel de Unamuno from Bilbao in Vizcaya, Ramiro de Maeztu from Vitoria in Álava, and the scientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal in Navarre. In Catalonia, 20th century culture prevails, with Miró in Barcelona, Dalí in Gerona, the architect Antonio Gaudí in Tarragona and the composer Enrique Granados in Lérida. From the world of music, the composer and guitarist Francisco Tárrega in Castellón, the classical guitarist Andrés Segovia in Jaén, the flamenco guitarist Paco de Lucía in Cádiz and the singer Manolo Escobar in Almería stand out. In literature, in addition to Cervantes and Lorca, Benito Pérez Galdós in Las Palmas, Ramón María del Valle-Inclán in Pontevedra, Juan Ramón Jiménez in Huelva, and the playwrights Antonio Buero Vallejo in Guadalajara and Fernando Arrabal in Melilla stand out in their respective provinces. The Generation of 27 ABCD of sport, the most notable people in their provinces according to this ranking are the pilot Fernando Alonso in Asturias, the golfer Severiano Ballesteros in Cantabria, the tennis player Rafael Nadal in the Balearic Islands and the footballers Andrés Iniesta in Albacete and, in Ceuta, José Martínez ‘Pirri’, current honorary president of Real Madrid. In politics, the dictator Francisco Franco and his minister and later founder of Alianza Popular, Manuel Fraga, are the most relevant people in their respective provinces, La Coruña and Lugo. Pope Alexander VI, from the intriguing Casa Borgia, is the most relevant personality in the province of Valencia. In La Rioja, the Hispano-Roman pedagogue Quintiliano. In Huesca, the doctor Miguel Servet. In Murcia, the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Abenarabi. The Sciences Po researchers, as they explain in their scientific article published in ‘Nature’, are aware of the problems involved in making a relevance ranking of historical and current personalities taking into account the biases of Wikipedia biographies. Four fundamentally stand out: the excessive pre-eminence of contemporary characters; of male characters; of Western characters, especially Anglo-Saxons; and personalities from the world of culture, sport and nobility instead of other sectors such as the economy. SPORTS Rafa Nadal, Fernando Alonso and Iniesta with the world champion soccer team. AGENCIESThe Western bias of the study, particularly Anglo-Saxon, shows that, of the 2.3 million characters analyzed from around the world, 15% are from the United States, by far the country with the highest number of entries, despite being a young nation. They are followed by Germany (9%), the United Kingdom (7%), France (6%), Italy (4%) and Spain (3%). In the Spanish case, the international projection of certain personalities, especially in the Anglo-Saxon world, is a plus for their higher positioning on the list. Despite being characters with a great local or national impact, little or global impact, or an impact limited to Latin America, they delay positions in the ranking. Thus, Enrique Iglesias, an international pop star at the beginning of the 20th century, is above Joan Manuel Serrat or Joaquín Sabina in the ranking, despite having greater influence in Spanish-language music. Catherine of Aragon, queen consort of England with Henry VIII, is better positioned than other Spanish monarchs. More contemporary The contemporary bias of Wikipedia is reflected in the fact that 66% of the biographies of Spanish figures are born after the year 1900; while 21% are born between 1751 and 1900, 5% from 1501 to 1750, 3% from 501 to 1500, and only 1% are before 500 AD. The rest are undated. The proportions are similar in the overall number of characters from around the world. The only province that exceeds 1% of biographies in the Ancient period is Córdoba. Córdoba is also the province with the largest number of medieval biographies, followed by Toledo, land of Alfonso X ‘El Sabio’ and Fernando de Rojas, author of ‘La Celestina’; and Valencia, birthplace of the influential Borgia and kings of Aragon such as Pedro ‘The Great’. The largest number of biographies of people born between 1501 and 1750 are in Madrid, Seville and Zaragoza. Among those born between 1751 and 1900, Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia stand out. The same provinces stand out among those born after the year 1900.SCIENCE Severo Ochoa with Margarita Salas. Ramón y Cajal in his studio. Illustration by Michael Servetus. abcWhen did each province reach its splendor according to this analysis of Wikipedia biographies? Taking into account the ranking of its most prominent figures, the only province with a better score in Antiquity is Seville. With the best score in the Middle Ages, specifically among those born between the years 501 and 1500, are Córdoba, Badajoz, Burgos, Toledo, Valencia, Zamora and Palencia. With the best ratio among those born between the years 1501 and 1750 are Madrid, Valladolid, Zaragoza, Ávila, Guadalajara and Soria. Among those born between 1751 and 1900, the provinces of La Coruña, Tarragona, Granada, Vizcaya, Pontevedra and Teruel. The rest of the provinces obtain their best score with those born after the year 1900. Related News A history of visual cultural conquest Yes How far did the Spanish take the name of your town? Luis CanoMore culture and sportThe male bias of Wikipedia is reflected in the fact that only 16% of the biographies of people born in Spain are women. 82% of women’s biographies are of women born in the 20th century. In the case of men, characters born after 1900 make up 61%. The bias towards characters from the world of culture and sports in Wikipedia biographies is reflected in the fact that 36% of the characters in Spanish belong to culture and 26% to sports. While the group of rulers and other leaders occupies 27% of the biographies, and that of discoverers and scientists 11%. In the Spanish case, the overrepresentation of biographies of footballers is very significant. Only deaths are registered up to the year 2020. Therefore, the year of death of the characters who died later is not noted. Nor do personalities appear whose rise has been recent, such as the Murcian tennis player Carlos Alcaraz or the soccer player Lamine Yamal, born in Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona).
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