Spain registered a total of 320,656 births in 2023. The figure is 2.6% below that of the previous year (8,595 fewer) and 24.7% lower than that of a decade ago (when there were 425,715), according to the report ‘Natural Population Movement (Marriages, Births and Deaths)’, published this Wednesday by the National Institute of Statistics (INE).
The number of births has reached a historical minimum since the beginning of the series, in 1941. Furthermore, the downward trend of the last decade continues, which It was only interrupted in 2014according to the INE.
Of the 320,656 births that took place in Spain, 78,330 were born to mothers with foreign nationalitywhich represented 24.4% of the total (compared to 23% in 2022).
If the country of birth is considered, there were 100,438 mothers born abroad, which meant 31.3% of the total (compared to 29.5% in 2022).
Regarding the average number of children per woman, the current fertility indicator stood at 1.12 in 2023, four hundredths less than that registered in 2022.
By nationality, the average number of children decreased in both cases: three hundredths among Spanish mothers (up to 1.09) and seven hundredths among foreign mothers (up to 1.28).
Besides, The average age at motherhood remained at 32.6 years in 2023. In recent years, according to the INE, it has been observed that the decrease in the number of births has been accompanied by a delay in the age of motherhood.
By nationality, the average age at motherhood did not change, and remained at 33.1 years for Spanish mothers and 30.5 years for foreign mothers.
Another indicator that reflects the delay in motherhood is the number of births of mothers 40 or older, who have grown 19.1% in the last 10 years. In relative terms, while in 2013 6.8% of births were to mothers aged 40 or over, in 2023 that percentage rose to 10.8%.
The percentage of births to unmarried mothers amounts to 49.9% in 2023 compared to 50.1% in 2022. In previous years, it was 49.2% in 2021; 47.6% in 2020; 48.3% in 2019; 47.2% in 2018; 46.7% in 2017; 45.8% in 2016 and 44.4% in 2015.
The mortality rate decreases compared to 2023
On the other hand, INE data shows that, during 2023, 436,124 people died in Spain, 6.1% less than the previous year. By age, a decrease in deaths was observed in people between 85 and 89 years old (11% compared to 2022), and in both men (12.1%) and women (10.1%).
For its part, the rate of infant mortality increased three hundredths and stood at 2.63 infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
Increases life expectancy
Furthermore, life expectancy at birth increased cso seven tenths in 2023until reaching 83.77 years. By sex, that of men rose 0.75 years, to 81.11, and that of women rose 0.60 years, to 86.34, a figure that was surpassed for the first time.
According to the mortality conditions of the moment, a person who reached 65 years of age in 2023 would expect to live, on average, 19.65 years longer if they are a man and 23.49 years more if they are a woman.
In 2023, and for the first time in the INE’s historical series, people aged 65 and over represent more than 20% of the total population (20.2% in 2023; 17.7% in 2013; 17. 0% in 2003; 14.4% in 1993 and 11.5% in 1983).
Likewise, the average age of the population of Spain amounts to 44.2 years in 2023 compared to 41.8 years in 2013, while it was 40.1 years in 2003; 37.4 years in 1993 and 34.4 years in 1983.
Furthermore, Spain had a vegetative balance of -113,590 people in 2023. This difference between births and deaths is the third most negative since data exists (1941) after those of 2020 and 2022.
Marriages fall and the age of marriage rises
On the other hand, INE statistics reflect that during 2023, 172,430 marriages were registered in Spain, 3.7% less than in 2022. The crude marriage rate decreased 0.2 points and stood at 3.5 marriages per 1,000 inhabitants.
Furthermore, 82.3% of marriages celebrated in Spain during 2023 were civil and 17.8% were religious. In this way, civilians were reduced by 1.8% compared to 2022 and religious people, by 11.9%.
In the case of religious, the figure stands at 30,606 during 2023, below the 34,747 in 2022 and higher than the 24,957 in 2021. In 2020, there were 9,664 while 35,299 were registered in 2019; 40,330 in 2018; 44,377 in 2017; 48,826 in 2016 and 50,031 in 2015.
3.9% of the total marriages registered in 2023 corresponded to same-sex couples (6,772 marriages). Of them, 53.3% were women and 46.7% were men.
For its part, the age marriage average increased three tenths in 2023, said increase being two tenths in men and three tenths in women. It stood at 39.6 years for men and 36.9 years for women.
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