Why do you have to cheat sometimes?
Emil Ingman, 6
Fraudulent may gain an advantage by dishonesty. For example, in sports, a cold play can sometimes give an extra point.
A cheater often wants to get away the easy way. Then you might think that a little Cheating doesn't hurt anyone, and your own scams don't seem serious. Sometimes the cheater may also think that everyone else is cheating too.
Therefore, cheating can sometimes be tempting: the benefit seems great and the risk of getting caught seems small. Sometimes honesty would require more effort. Also, honesty can feel difficult in the moment of honesty.
It may seem miserable to admit, for example, that the dog didn't make a mess in the room, but that it didn't clean up after itself. It would be easier to blame the dog.
But people usually don't like to be topped. So they usually remember well how trustworthy others are.
Dishonest people are often less trusted. They don't want to participate in games and activities where it is important to follow common rules.
A cheater's chances of pulling others off their noses are reduced when they learn his tricks. Honesty easily becomes a good and fair feeling for yourself as well.
However, cheating may be necessary if it helps those in need. For example, coaxing a thug away from a misdeed or deceiving a lifebuoy for a person in need of water could be such a situation. In this case, justice and fairness come before the rules.
Markus Jokela
professor of psychology
university of Helsinki
Light reflects off wet fabric differently than dry.
Why do things look darker when they are wet?
Silvi Puurunen, 11
Many things look noticeably darker when wet because they reflect less light than dry material.
When, for example, fabric or paper gets wet, every fiber in it gets a thin layer of water on its surface. Light penetrates that layer of water quite well, but part of the light is absorbed by the fibers and only part is reflected.
The surface consisting of fibers always reflects light in all directions. The light rays that are reflected at a gentle angle do not pass through the water layer at all, but are reflected back into the fiber. In this case, many of the rays are absorbed by the fiber.
As a result, quite a large part of the light is absorbed and the surface looks dark. The absorption of light in the material is increased by the fact that absorption is always more effective at the interface between fiber and liquid than between fiber and air.
Light also behaves similarly in powdery materials, which is why, for example, wet sand is dark.
Shiny surfaces, such as mirrors, do not absorb light rays as well as fibers and do not reflect them in all directions. They don't even look dark when wet.
Tom Kuusela
University researcher in physics
University of Turku
The tiger would try to take the cat's life because the cat is a competitor.
Could tigers eat cats if they are in the gym at the same time – when both are felines?
Oskari Isojärvi, 10
The big ones predators often kill other predators competing for the same prey.
For example, lions often kill leopards, cheetahs and hyenas when the opportunity arises. Sometimes, however, hyenas can defeat a lone lion with their mass power.
Even a tiger would probably try to kill a cat in the gym, if they hadn't been used to each other since childhood.
Animals of different species that have grown together since they were puppies can learn to get along with each other. In this case, very unlikely compatibility relationships can sometimes arise.
A hungry large predator such as a lion or a tiger can eat the beast it has eaten, but a competitor can also be killed when it is full. '
Even a wild wolf easily perceives a dog as a competitor and tries to bite it. Only during estrus, a wolf and a large dog can sometimes fight.
A wolf and a dog are basically the same species, so sometimes they can start a family and reproduce. This is how a wolf pack has sometimes been born in Finland as well.
Jussi Viitala
nonfiction writer, biology researcher
The trees seem to rustle by the side of the road when viewed from a moving car.
When driving a car, why does the eyes not whine when looking far away, but does whine near? In other words, if you look at the railing from the side window, its legs just rattle, but the trees don't
Hilkka Lakka, 6
When drive, for example, two meters forward, both the railing and the trees are of course two meters behind the viewer. The rattling of the railing's legs is due to the fact that, when viewed from close, two meters corresponds to a much larger angle than when viewed from a distance.
Three meters away, two meters form an angle of about 40 degrees. At a distance of thirty meters, two meters corresponds to an angle of about four degrees, and at a distance of 300 meters, an angle of only about 0.4 degrees.
When looking from the car, the eyes must turn to an angle that corresponds to the object being followed. So a tree 30 meters away appears to move 10 times slower and a tree 300 meters away 100 times slower than the leg of a railing 3 meters away.
The rustling of the railing is also affected by the fact that the gaze automatically jumps forward. This phenomenon is called optokinetic reflection. It helps us follow a moving object until it disappears from the field of vision and instinctively focus our gaze on the next similar object.
The optokinetic reflex is congenital and fully developed already by six months of age. It can be put to good use when examining whether a small child can see.
When a roller with alternating black and white stripes is rotated in front of the eyes, the eyes automatically begin to follow the stripes and whistle back and forth.
Tero Kivelä
professor of ophthalmology
University of Helsinki and University Hospital
Send the question, the questioner's full name and age to [email protected]. The column is provided by Touko Kauppinen.
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