One of the first applications of lithium titanate batteries debuts in the off-road automotive sector Fering “Pioneer“. It is a new type of batteries made with special cells developed for drastically reduce charging times, real bottleneck in the daily usability of electric cars thanks to a fastest possible speed of electrons in a circle.
Let’s explore the features of this new battery for electric cars, pros and cons.
New lithium titanate battery as it is made
In LTO battery lithium titanate oxide (There2TiO3) replaces inanode there graphite (carbon), present instead in the typical lithium-ion battery. The cathode to combine it can belithium oxide And manganese (LMO) or with the addition of cobalt (NMC).
The LTO under the microscope shows a three-dimensional structure formed by lithium titanate nanocrystals. The cell voltage is 2.4 V, can be subjected to fast charging and can withstand a discharge current of 10 times the rated capacity.
Lithium titanate batteries, advantages
THE related benefits to the new lithium titanate battery technology are that the surface of the anode of lithium titanate battery is approx 100 square meters per gram instead of the suns 3 square meters per gram of the classics lithium ion batteries. This greater surface area offered to the passage of electrons allows one fast charging it’s a longer useful life battery.
Greater anode surface higher charging speed
With an anodic surface 30 times greater compared to the classic lithium battery this this battery in addition to faster charging, allows approx 20,000 charge cycles against the 2,000 than a normal lithium battery.
This means that one is required less charging power and that these batteries can be safely recharged in approx 6/10 minutes instead of 8 hours required for other rechargeable batteries. In addition, the charging efficiency exceeds the 98%.
Lithium titanate battery, fast charge and discharge
There nanotechnology at the base of the LTO batteries it allows to replace the classic carbon surface of the anode with lithium titanate nanocrystals.
As mentioned, in this way one gram of material has an area of about 100 square meters, which translates into one charge and discharge speed unattainable with other technologies Currently in use.
Lithium titanate battery minimal fire risk
There lower operating voltage compared to traditional lithium cells it is an advantage both for safety and for the environment. L’absence of carbon avoids thermal instability and overheating which are the main cause of fires in traditional storage systems.
As can be seen in the image, a short-circuited LTO cell has reached the maximum temperature of 94 ° C, without causing explosions or fires to which classic lithium-polymer batteries can be subjected.
Lithium titanate battery low temperature performance
LTO nanotechnology benefits the operation of this type of lithium cell even at low temperatures: it is possible to deliver about 80% of the energy stored even at a temperature of -30 ° C.
In summary, these cells are safe, have excellent low-temperature discharge characteristics, and their estimated lifespan is longer than normal Li-ion. Other advantages over batteries with the classic graphite anode are the greater resistance, the absence of lithium deposit phenomena on the anode in situations of fast charge or discharge at low temperatures and high stability at high temperatures.
Lithium titanate batteries, disadvantages
The main flaws are i high costs (about $ 30 for a 40 Ah cell) and the low energy density (about 65 Wh / kg), close to that of al Ni-Cd.
The main fields of application areautomotive, UPS and photovoltaic street lamps. Furthermore, these batteries are particularly suitable for the storage systems connected to photovoltaic or wind power plants.
This last feature is very important for electric cars that will be equipped with batteries with LTO cells, considering that most of the environmental benefits of electric mobility is linked to recharging with renewable energy.
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