A team of researchers has discovered the benefits of coffee in reducing acute kidney injury and also identified the appropriate amount: 2-3 cups of coffee a day reduce the risk of kidney damage. In fact, coffee contains many beneficial substances for our health, such as caffeine, diterpenes and chlorogenic acid.
Different searches have shown that regular coffee consumption is linked to the prevention of chronic and degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and Parkinson’s disease. Caffeine, the most commonly studied compound in coffee, exerts beneficial effects on kidney function, and daily coffee consumption is linked to a lower risk of chronic kidney damage.
Although other compounds in coffee are less studied, compounds such as chlorogenic acid and trigonellin are known to reduce generalized inflammation and oxidative stress. In a recent study, researchers investigated the effects of coffee consumption on acute kidney injury (AKI), when the kidneys suddenly lose all or part of their function. AKI represents a public health concern with approximately 0.25% of the general population suffering from AKI, which salt 18% of people admitted to hospital each year. From their analysis, the researchers revealed that higher coffee intake is linked to lower risk of AKI.
The results of the study have been published in the scientific journalKidney International Reports .
Coffee consumption correlated with risk of kidney damage: here’s what the research says
Knowing more about how coffee consumption affects the incidence of other kidney-related diseases could help policymakers take preventative measures to reduce people’s risk of developing progressive kidney disease.
In order to carry out the research, the team of scientists analyzed data from 14,207 adults between the ages of 45 and 64. The researchers assessed the coffee consumption of the volunteers who participated in the study during their first visit by submitting them to a food frequency questionnaire. In total they found:
•27% have never drank coffee;
• 14% drank less than a cup of coffee per day;
• 19% drank 1 cup per day;
• 23% drank 2-3 cups a day;
• 17% drank more than 3 cups a day.
To define acute kidney injury, the researchers looked at hospitalization rates, including an international disease classification code that indicates AKI during a median of 24 years of follow-up. They noted 1,694 incident AKI cases during the follow-up period.
After adjusting for demographics, the scientists found that people who consumed any amount of coffee had a lower risk of 11% to develope AKI compared to people who did not consume the drink. The researchers also identified a dose-dependent relationship between AKI and coffee intake, with those consuming 2-3 cups of coffee per day experiencing the most incisive risk reduction for kidney damage.
When asked what might explain the potential protective effects of coffee for acute kidney injury, Dr. Matthew Weir, Professor of medicine and head of the nephrology division of theUniversity of Marylandwho was not involved in the study, replied: “Researchers provide theories, but there are numerous problems with retrospectively reviewing the data, which can confuse observations and limit their validity. At least there was no evidence of damage“.
In the study, the researchers noted that their findings could be the result of compounds bioactive in coffee which improve perfusion and oxygen utilization in the kidneys. Doctor Kalie L. Tommerdahlassistant professor of pediatric endocrinology at theUniversity of Coloradoand Dr. Chirag Rohit Parikhdirector of the Division of Nephrology at the Johns Hopkins University, both authors of the study said they had developed a study complementary to further understand the potential dynamics.
“We studied ten young people between the ages of 12 and 21 with type 1 diabetes and aimed to evaluate the effects of a confirmed 7-day cycle of a single daily Starbucks cold drink (325ml, 175mg caffeine) on various measures of kidney function“, They declared
“The study included a small sample size. Although he confirmed that we can effectively evaluate these intrarenal measures in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, we found no differences in kidney function after a short course of daily coffee consumption.“, They added.
The researchers concluded that they needed to further evaluate the physiological mechanisms underlying the potentially protective effects of coffee consumption in larger, longer-lasting studies. Dr. Weir noted that the study had many limitations that the authors promptly explained in their paper.
When asked about these limitations, Dr Tommerdahl and Dr Parikh said the main limitation was that they used “A food frequency questionnaire that relied on participants’ recall rather than direct measurement to assess average daily coffee consumption.”
“Coffee additives such as milk, halves and halves, cream, sugar or sweeteners could also affect the results and warrant further investigation.“, they added. The researchers pointed out that other drinks can produce similar effects: “Furthermore, the consumption of other caffeinated beverages such as tea or sodas should also be considered a possible confounder. Additional limitations include the dependence on inclusion of AKI on the list of problems during hospitalization and the potential confounding effect of differences in the etiologies for hospitalization of participants.“.
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