He National Statistics Institute published on Friday the Harmonized Demography of Companies, a study that analyzes business creation and destruction data for 2022. The results are positive, since in that year, 3,487,503 companies operated in Spain. In 2022, 301,406 companies were born in our country, and 299,680 disappeared. This difference offers a positive net rate of 1,726 units, 0.05%.
In turn, regarding the data comparable to previous years, the INE determines that 43.8% of the companies created in 2017 survived after five years of observation. Therefore, at least half of the companies created in 2017 did not survive five years. This data is understood from the disastrous influence of Covid-19 on the Spanish business fabric.
Regarding the breakdown of the more than three million active companies in 2022, 61.8% of them belonged to the sector Rest of servicesaccording to the INE. 20.7% corresponds to the commercial sector, 12% to construction and 5.5% to industry. Taking into account the particular balance of each sector, it was construction that presented the best balance, 1.2%, while commerce left the worst results, -2.2%.
He National Statistics Institute It also studies the number of employees in the companies that are part of the document. The results are clear: 98.3% of the companies that were born in 2022 and 98.4% of those that died had four or fewer employees. In other words, the vast majority of the companies studied were small. For their part, 75.4% of those born and 72.7% of those who disappeared did not have employees.
At the same time, the results show that the first year of life of companies is the most delicate period for them: only 78.5% of companies survive. Regarding the results based on the autonomous communities, the study offers clear results: Balearic and Canary Islands, with 10.8% both, and the autonomous city of Melilla, with 10.2%, present the highest birth rates in 2022.
In contrast, the lowest rates occurred in northern Spain. The autonomous communities of La Rioja (5.8%), Castilla y León (6.4%), and Comunidad Foral de Navarra (6.6%) were those in which the fewest companies were born.
Regarding the rate of disappearance of companies, the INE announces that the regions where the most companies disappeared were the autonomous cities of Melilla and Ceuta, with 11.5% and 10.5% respectively, and the Valencian Community, with a 9.3% disappearance rate. Meanwhile, those territories in which the fewest companies disappeared are the Foral Community of Navarra, with 6.9%, which remains stable despite having registered a very poor birth rate, and the Basque Country and Cantabria, with 7. 1% both.
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