“In recent decades, pollution has turned the world of respiratory diseases upside down, especially asthma. The data are incontrovertible and show how smog causes an exacerbation of these pathologies, hospitalizations in the emergency room and unfortunately also deaths. In cardiovascular diseases l ‘pollution has been put into risk factors such as cholesterol and hypertension, I think we will go in that direction for respiratory diseases as well”. Thus Lorenzo Cecchi, president-elect of the Association of Italian territorial and hospital allergists, immunologists (Aaiito), in his speech at the Aiito National Congress underway in Florence until November 29th.
Climate change is, among other things, increasing the effects of pollution due to greater exposure to pollens that remain in the environment for longer (this was also recently discussed at Cop27, the world conference on climate change) ” All of this is starting to have a biological equivalent because the epithelium – continues Cecchi – is becoming the engine of this damage that causes inflammation, which is the cause of respiratory diseases but not only, also gastrointestinal and skin diseases”.
Among the topics addressed at the Aiito Congress, the impact of pollen on the respiratory epithelium, which is multifaceted and goes beyond the damage caused by the well-known inflammatory immune response. For this reason, according to Antonino Musarra, allergist of Aaiito “there is a need for therapeutic tools capable of acting on new targets involved in the inflammatory process and in the contraction of the muscle cells of the bronchial wall, and therefore on the hyperreactivity of the airways. Another current priority is the search for biomarkers that can help identify the presence and possibly the severity of epithelial damage and dysfunction. This new field of investigation can have important implications in the detection of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease, in the identification of subjects with a greater risk of evolving towards persistent and severe forms of asthma and in the development and monitoring of the response to new precision therapeutic strategies ” .
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