A subject with borderline diabetes or prediabetes have very high blood sugar levels but not high enough to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In fact, borderline diabetes can become chronic in T2 diabetes. This progression affects 25% of subjects with prediabetes within 3/5 years. 70% of people with prediabetes will develop the diabetes in an unpredictable moment of their life.
Borderline diabetes has no well-defined symptoms, and people who may have it may be fully aware until their medical practitioner requests blood and urine testsa serious complication such as myocardial infarction occurs or progresses to diabetes.
If blood sugars are very high, increased urination and frequent thirst could be a sign. According to L’National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), several other factors can increase the risk of prediabetes, including: Obesity; high pressure; high triglycerides; low levels of high-density lipoprotein HDL, the so-called “good cholesterol” and little physical activity. Genetics are also relevant if there is a familiarity with diabetes.
According to the Association American Heart (AHA), some lifestyle habits may be at risk for borderline diabetes, such as: high stress levels; smoke; drinking too much alcohol; excessive consumption of sugary drinks which can lead to metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, high blood sugar levels and high triglycerides.
Leading a sedentary lifestyle can be just as risky, as you don’t consume the calories you ingest, and another factor that may be a sign of borderline diabetes is polycystic ovary syndrome. All of these factors can be predictors of a prediabetes condition, so it would be important to proceed with further analysis.
Borderline diabetes or prediabetes: how it is diagnosed and how it can be prevented
To be able to diagnose diabetes, you need blood and urine tests prescribed by your family doctor. It is also important to carry out a glucose intolerance test because it measures the speed with which our body can metabolize blood sugar over a period of 2 hours. While blood tests should be performed on an empty stomach, for testing A1C test which measures average blood sugar levels over 2-3 months and is very reliable, there is no need to fast or take liquids or certain medications.
L’ American Diabetes Association stated that a doctor will diagnose borderline diabetes when test results show parameters such as: fasting blood sugar levels of 100-125 milligrams per deciliter (mg / dL); glucose tolerance levels of 140-199 mg / dl; an A1C test result of 5.7–6.4%. Your doctor will often repeat these levels to confirm that the readings are not due to one-time blood sugar spikes.
People who should be screened for diabetes are: people aged 45 or over; people with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher; a waist circumference greater than 40 inches in males or 35 inches in females; a close relative with diabetes; a disease that increases insulin resistance, including PCOS, acanthosis nigricans and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Certain racial or ethnic origins, including African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, Latinos, Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Pacific Islanders; a history of gestational diabetes, which is diabetes during pregnancy; having given birth to a child weighing more than approximately 4 kg; have a disease that hardens the arteries; recent treatment with glucocorticoids or atypical antipsychotic drugs.
If the family doctor identifies any of these risk factors, they may recommend that the person have a screening to check their blood glucose levels. Medical professionals recommend repeat screening tests every 1-3 years for people with these risk factors. Anyone concerned that they have borderline diabetes should visit a doctor for tests and a diagnosis.
Borderline diabetes is reversible, but it is often easier to prevent than to treat. Lifestyle factors are the main cause of prediabetes, and making changes to certain aspects of life can significantly reduce the risk. First, it is important to modify the diet, increasing the intake of unprocessed carbohydrates rich in fiber; increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables; reduce your intake of saturated fats and processed meats.
Another thing to do is exercise or otherwise play a sport: do at least 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every week. Additionally, you need to perform muscle-strengthening exercises, such as lifting weights or doing push-ups, at least twice a week.
Examples of moderate intensity exercises are fast dancing and brisk walking. Regular exercise and a nutritious diet not only help reduce the risk of developing diabetes, but also protect the heart from future diseases. Additionally, there is strong evidence of the benefits of combining exercise and dietary interventions for reducing diabetes risk and reversing borderline diabetes.
All these indications derive from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP): This is a long-term study aimed at identifying practical measures to prevent diabetes. Volunteers who took part in the Program PLR Lifestyle Change they had a goal of losing 7% of their body weight and maintaining this loss through dietary changes and physical activity.
All program participants received diet and exercise advice and attended lifestyle change courses throughout the study. After 3 years, compared to those who took a placebo, people in the program had a 58% drop in their risk of developing type 2 diabetes regardless of gender or ethnicity. Among people aged 60 and over, the decrease in risk was 71%.
Researchers held regular follow-up sessions. After 15 years, people on the PLR Lifestyle Change program continued to see a delay in the onset of diabetes compared to people who took a drug called metformin or a placebo.
Anyone who developed diabetes during the study received extra medical care. However, diet and exercise remained important in managing symptoms and reducing the risk of complications.
Management of borderline diabetes also involves continual monitoring of risk factors and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels. In addition to lifestyle changes, doctors may recommend other ways to minimize the risk of developing diabetes. Medical management can include the treatment of related conditions, such as obesity and heart disease.
As for the very young, one 2019 study recruited 5,786 people, 18% of 2,606 adolescents – those aged 12 to 18 – had prediabetes. Among 3,180 young adults, the prevalence was 24%. Many children who develop type 2 diabetes are not diagnosed until adolescence. This is, in part, because puberty hormones can make it harder for the body to regulate insulin. Parents and caregivers can help prevent diabetes in children by encouraging them to eat a balanced diet and engage in abundant physical activity.
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