Last June 7th HE celebration in Sinaloa he freedom of expression day. He Governor of Sinaloa, Rubén Rocha Moyarecognized the photojournalists: “Within the framework of the Freedom of Expression Daythe state president highlighted the relevant role that journalistic photographers have played in the mexican democracy by recreating with his work the historical, political and social memory of the transition that the country has experienced in recent decades” (Press release, Sinaloa State Government7/Jun/2024: https://sinaloa.gob.mx/recognized-gobierno-del-estado-a-decanos-de-la-fotografia-periodistica/ )
The freedom of expression is enshrined in the Mexican Constitution In its 6th and 7th articles, there is a quote from these constitutional texts:
“Article 6. The manifestation of ideas will not be the subject of any judicial or administrative inquisition, except in the event that it attacks morality, private life or the rights of third parties, causes a crime, or disturbs public order; The right of reply will be exercised in the terms provided by law. The right to information will be guaranteed by the State…”
“Article 7. The freedom to disseminate opinions, information and ideas, through any media, is inviolable. This right cannot be restricted by indirect methods or means, such as the abuse of official or private controls, newsprint, radio frequencies or equipment and devices used in the dissemination of information or by any other means and technologies of the
information and communication aimed at preventing the transmission and circulation of ideas and opinions.
No law or authority can establish prior censorship, nor restrict freedom of dissemination, which has no limits other than those provided for in the first paragraph of article 6. of this Constitution. In no case may assets used for the dissemination of information, opinions and ideas be seized as an instrument of crime…” (Chamber of Deputies of the Congress of the Union: https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/ CPEUM.pdf ).
In Mexico there are freedom of expression as established by the Constitution.
Of freedom and democracy
The democracy in Mexico It is a reality today. There were times in national history that, although it was stated in the Constitution, was not part of Mexico’s political action. Today Mexico is a country internationally recognized as a democratic regime, where its executive and legislative authorities are elected by a majority vote of ALL women and ALL men in Mexico.
The elections of the past June 2nd They were an endorsement of our democracy. In these days of analysis of the electoral results, we return to some final reflections by Robert Michels in his book on political parties published here in EL DEBATE:
Of fable and democracy
Suffice it to remember the fable that Michels includes in his final conclusion: “It is not my intention to deny that every revolutionary movement of the working class and every movement sincerely inspired by a democratic spirit can have a certain value as contributions to the weakening of oligarchic tendencies. The peasant in the fable tells his children on his deathbed that there is a treasure hidden in the field. After the old man’s death the sons dug everywhere to discover the treasure; They will not find it, but their tireless work improves the land and provides them with relative well-being. The treasure in the fable could well symbolize democracy. Democracy is a treasure that no one will ever discover by deliberate searching; but if we continue our search by working tirelessly to discover the undiscoverable, we will carry out a work that will have fertile results in the democratic sense” (Robert Miches; “Political Parties. A sociological study of the oligarchic tendencies of modern democracy”; Amorrortu editors. Buenos Aires, 1969: pp. 192-193)
Paragraphs: From Michels and democracy
In this sense, following Michels in his conclusion, acontra sensu, of his law of the tendency towards oligarchy in every social organization and therefore in the system of political parties, the need for a democratic regime that ensures two essential principles: “1) The ideological tendency of democracy towards criticism and oversight. 2) The effective opposite tendency of democracy towards the creation of increasingly complex and differentiated parties; that is, increasingly based on the competition of the less” (Michels, 1969: 194), it can be argued, from this definition of democracy, that THE POSSIBILITY OF ALTERNANCE AND THE FREEDOM OF Suffrage is an exercise in criticism institutionalized social And, the only way to distance the authoritarian perpetuation of an oligarchy (Readings, EL DEBATE, March 19, 2023).
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