The number increased by 1.4 percentage points compared to the 2020 municipal election, when it was 31.9%
One in every 3 mayors elected in the 1st round of the 2024 municipal elections, held on Sunday (6.Oct.2024), declared to be black when TSE (Superior Electoral Court). The rate, which includes black and brown people, is the highest since 2016, when the Electoral Court started collecting skin color data: 33.3%.
The result represents an increase in 1.4 percentage point compared to 2020, when it was 31.9%. The increase compared to 2016 was 4.2 percentage points. In other words, this is a timid growth, far from surpassing the number of elected municipal executive heads who say they are white (read more below).
Among those elected who self-declared to be black, the majority are brown: represent 31% of the mayors who won victory in the 1st round this year. In 2020, it was 29.9%, and 27.4% in 2016.
You black are just 2.3% this year, with little progress compared to the 2 previous elections. 4 years ago, it was 2%, and 1.7% 8 years ago.
Whites continue to be the majority of elected mayors (65%). In 2020, it was 67.2%, and 70.3% in 2016.
Indigenous people represent 0.2% this year and were 0.1% in 2020 and 2016. The yellows are also just 0.2% of the mayors elected on Sunday (6.Oct).
Despite the progress, the number of elected mayors who are black still differs from what the 2022 Census portrays, from the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics).
With 112.7 million people, the brown and black population represents 55.5% from Brazil. There are 88.3 million white people (43.5% of the population). For the first time, this group is not the largest share of Brazilians in relation to skin color in Brazil.
BLACK MAYORS FOR THE FIRST TIME
Data from the TSE show that 470 Brazilian cities will have black mayors for the first time. Among them, in large cities (capitals and/or those with more than 200 thousand voters) are, for example:
Click on the columns to sort by city and state; To open in another tab, click here.
BLACK APPLICATIONS
In 2024, the number of candidates who declared themselves black or mixed race reached 52.73% of the total. There were 239,789 names, the highest percentage since 2016.
Electoral legislation relies on affirmative policies to increase funding for black candidates. As a result, the change in declaration from white to black benefited the candidate and his party.
The incentive had been implemented by constitutional amendment 111 of 2021approved in 2021, which said:
- art 2 – “For the purposes of distributing resources from the party fund and the Special Campaign Financing Fund among political parties, votes given to female candidates or black candidates for the Chamber of Deputies in elections held from 2022 to 2030 will be counted double”.
However, the rule has changed. On August 15, the Senate approved a PEC (Proposed Amendment to the Constitution) to forgive million-dollar electoral fines applied to political parties that failed to comply with racial quotas in past elections. It was promulgated on August 22 in an empty session.
For the approved text, the amount not used to meet the racial quotas in the 2020 and 2022 elections must finance the candidacy of black and brown people in the 4 subsequent elections, starting in 2026.
The allocation of 30% of funds for black candidates in this year’s municipal elections was also established.
In practice, the acronyms will be able to use the transfers they are entitled to pay off their debts, without incurring interest or fines for non-payment of the debt in the past. The argument is that they need “avoid the accumulation of debts that become unpayable”. THE rule, valid for the 2024 and subsequent elections, should further increase the number of black and brown candidates in the next elections.
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